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Woodworth,  C.W. 

Key  to  the  Cocci dae  of 
California 


KEY 


to  the 


COCCIDAE    OF    CALIFORNIA 


C.     W.     WOODWORTH 


Published  by  the  Author 
Berkeley,    California 


a 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Scale  insects  of  this  State  have  received  a  great 
deal  of  attention  particularly  along  economic  lines.  This  is 
the  first  attempt  at  making  a  synopsis  for  the  recognition 
of  our  species.  The  form  of  the  synopsis  and  of  the  refer- 
ences is  uniform  with  the  author's  Key  to  Orthoptera,  in 
which  full  explanations  will  be  found. 

The  study  of  these  insects  requires  ability  to  use  the 
compound  microscope  and  considerable  microscopic  tech- 
nique. A  laboratory  guide  for  the  study  of  scale  insects 
is  being  prepared  for  publication  for  the  use  of  those  who 
may  wish  to  take  up  the  subject  by  themselves  and  desire 
a  detailed  description  of  the  study  methods. 

The  most  useful  books  on  scale  insects  are  Newstead's 
Monograph  of  the  British  Coccidae,  which  contains  the 
fullest  general  account  of  these  insects,  and  Fernald's 
Catalogue  of  the  Coccidae  of  the  World,  which  is  the  best 
guide  to  the  literature.  For  references  to  the  literature  of 
the  local  fauna,  the  present  work  will  be  found  useful. 

The  author  hopes  that  this  key  will  stimulate  many  ento- 
mologists on  this  coast  to  collect  and  study  in  this  group. 

C.  W.  WOOUWORTH. 

University  of  California,  October,  1903. 


SYNOPSIS 

COCCIDAE  Female  with  flattened  chitinous  lobes  at 
hind  end  of  body  Diaspinae  without  With  triangular 
supraanal  plates  Coccinae  without  supraanal  plates  Adult 
females  with  antennae  twelve  jointed  Monophlebinae  nine- 
jointed  or  less  Adult  without  mouth  parts  Margarodinae 
with  mouth  parts  Dactylopiinae 

MONOPHLEBINAE  Icerya  purchasi  Mask  78M220  81C347 
82C48  50  65  86  83C23  132  83C132  84C19  22  35  42  50  87C36 
42  50  61  65  213  345  348  359  361  379  450  561  87M1  87O1  87R459 
466  88887  177  179  184  246  260  262  273  279  88Mi  88R64  no 
126  89Hi82  89R220  268  89\Vi6  900252  9oL207  334  384  394 
469  472  480  484  489  494  496  498  90R92  90813  53  59  349  477 
484  486  488  9iM3i9  9iR307  423  457  154  160  920455  92L20O 
287  93RI35  94C84  96  101  103  368  372  374  427  437  96057  132 
140  143  147  154  158  96Tio  40  97C94  99C5  56  113  i-43  T53 
99W1  02C7  61  226  237  02A229  345  03F25  maskelli  97C94 
99C113  03F27  crawii  97C84  99C113  03F27 

MARGARODINAE  Xylococcus  quercus  Ehr  OOE311  03F33 


1778  Modeer  Act  Goth  i  28  Costa  Atti  del  R  Inst  d  Incor- 
rug  iv  35  Costa  Fauna  78  Maskell  Trans  New  Zealand 
Inst  xi  81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Comm  Agr  82  Cooper  et  al 
Rep  Hort  Comm  Calif  83  Chapin  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort 
Calif  84  Chapin  et  al  Bien  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  87 
Cooper  et  al  Bien  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  87  Morse  Bull 
Calif  Agr  Exp  Sta  Ixxi  87  Ormerod  Notes  on  Australian 
Bug  87  Riley  et  al  Rep  U  S  Comm  Agr  88  Morse  Bull 
Calif  Agr  Exp  Sta  Ixxix  88  Riley  et  al  Insect  Life  i  88 
Scott  et  al  Bien  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  iii  89  Howard 
Insect  Life  i  89  Ril'ey  et  al  Insect  Life  i  89  Willits  Insect 
Life  ii  90  Coquillett  Insect  Life  ii  90  Lelong  et  al  Rep 
State  Bd  Hort  Calif  90  Riley  et  al  Insect  Life  iii  90  Sec- 
retary et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  91  Morse  Rep  Calif 
Agr  Exp  Sta  91  Riley  -et  al  Insect  Life  iii  92  Craw  Rep 
St  Bd  Hort  Calif  92  Lelong  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif 
93  Riley  Insect  Life  iv  94  Craw  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort 
Calif  96  Craw  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  96  Townsend 
Tech  Bull  U  S  Div  Ent  iv  97  Cockerell  Psyche  viii  97 
Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xix  99  Craw  et  al  Rep  State 
Bd  Hort  Calif  99  Woodworth  Bull  Calif  Agr  Exp  Sta  cxxii 
02  Craw  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  02  Austin  et  al  Rep 
State  Bd  Hort  Calif  viii  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta 
Ixxxviii 

Cottony-cushion  scale=I.  purchasi 


HEMIPTERA  31 

DACTYLOPIINAE  Antennae  nine-jointed  c  eight-jointed 
b  six  or  seven-jointed  a  five-jointed  Sphaerococcus  disticlium 
Kuw  02K134  03F85  no  antennae  Young  insect  fringed  with 
spines  Kermes  not  End  of  abdomen  strongly  chitinous 
Cerococcus  not  Pollinia  pollini  Costa  94C438  96C43  03F60 
coccus  28C202  a  Body  naked  Ripseriella  kelloggi  Ehr  & 
Ccc  01E166  03F115  bordered  with  wax  Gossyparia  spuria 
Modeer  02K52  03F68  Coccus  1778M43  all  covered  with  wax 
Young  insect  fringed  with  spines  Eriococcus  not  Body 
six  mm  long  Dactylopius  coccus  Costa  35C16  03*80  not  over 
three  mm  long  Ripseria  b  Legs  absent  Lecaniodiaspis 
rubescens  99E104  99C267  03F56  Prosopophora  93C151  pres- 
ent Body  oval  Pseudococcus  globular  Erium  erigoni  Ehr 
99E103  02C465  03F112  c  Anal  ring  without  hairs  Phae- 
nococcus  with  six  hairs  Ceroputo 

Kermes  Body  with  longitudinal  constriction  a  without 
Color  grey  with  black  spots  galliformis  Riley  81R481  03F61 
brown  with  white  lines  austini  Ehr  91E104  OOC44  OOK81 
03F60  a  Segments  gibbose  cockerelli  Ehr  98E185  OOC44 
OOK80  03F61  not  nigropunctatus  Ehr  &  Coc  98E186  99C10 
OOC45  OOK80  03F63 

Cerococcus  Sac  of  white  wax  ehrhorni  Coc  95C255  95S363 
01P387  03F57  yellow  wax  quercus  Corns  81C213  83C130 
01P387  03F57 

Eriococcus  Antennae  six-jointed  palmeri  Coc  99C268  02C23 
03F77  seven-jointed  Anal  ring  of  six  spines  artemisiae 


1778  Modeer  Act  Goth  i  28  Costa  Atti  del  R  Inst  d  Incor 
iv  35  Costa  Faun  Regn  Nap  Cocc  78  Maskell  Trans  N  Z 
Ins  xi  81  Cooke  Treat  Ins  Inj  Fruit  81  Riley  Am  Nat  xv 
81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  83  Comstock  Rep  Dept 
Ent  Corn  Univ  ii  91  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxxi  93  Cocker- 
ell  Science  xxii  94  Craw  Bien  Rep  Cal  Bd  Hort  iv  95 
Cockerell  Psyche  vii  96  Craw  Bien  Rep  Cal  Bd  Hort  v  98 
Cockerell  Canad  Ent  xxx  98  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxx  98 
Ehrhorn  Ent  News  ix  99  Cockerell  Proc  Acad  Nat  Sci 
Phila  99  Cockerell  Biol  Cent  Am  ii  99  Cockerell  Canad 
Ent  xxxi  99  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxxi  00  Cockerell  Psyche 
ix  00  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxxii  00  King  Psyche  ix  01 
Ehrhorn  &  Cockerell  Proc  Biol  Soc  Wash  xiv  01  Patterson 
Proc  Cal  Acad  Sci  ii  01  Kuwani  Proc  Cal  Acad  Sci  ii  02 
Cockerell  Ann  &  Mag  Nat  Hist  ix  02  Kuwani  Ent  News 
xiii  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 


32  INSECTS   OF   CALIFORNIA 

Kuw  01K399  03F71  eight  spines  Anal  tubercles  with  three 
spines  adenostomae  Ehr  98E244  98C246  03F70  with  one 
auricariae  Mask  78M218  96C40  03F71  03C73  Rhizococcus 
81C339 

Ripseria  Length  three  mm  festucae  Kuw  01K401  02C21 
03*117  one  and  a  half  mm  villosa  Ehr  99E6  03F120 

Pseudococcus  *  With  dense  ventral  cottony  cushion 
iceryoides  Mask  03F103  Dactylopius  91M33  93R286  94C34 
ventral  wax  not  more  than  dorsal  Band  of  yellow  powder 
on  back  aurilanatus  Mask  03F97  Dactylopius  89M151  96C45 
not  banded  Antennal  joint  two  longer  than  seven  a  equal 
Joint  four  shortest  citri  Risso  Dorthesia  13R  Dactylopius 
89C121  destructor  99R128  as  long  as  six  sequoiae  Col  03F109 
Dactylopius  01C109  a  Anal  appendages  as  long  as  body 
longispinis  Targ  Dactylopius  69T32  longifilis  90C43  adon- 
idum  92C286  96C40  shorter  First  antennal  joint  shorter 
than  fifth  b  longer  Anal  filaments  half  as  long  as  body 
maritimus  Ehr  03F106  Dactylopius  OOE315  not  over  a  third 
First  antennal  joint  longer  than  third  dudlei  Col  Dacty- 
lopius 03C63  73  shorter  Second  antennal  joint  longer  than 
fourth  andersoni  Col  Dactylopius  03C67  73  equal  ryani  Coq 
03F108  Dactylopius  89C122  94C100  97C773  b  Fifth  anten- 
nal joint  four  times  as  long  as  broad  ephedrae  Coq  03F101 
Dactylopius  90C43  90S305  only  twice  Cephalic  filaments 
present  salinus  Coc  03F109  Dactylopius  02C21  absent  Pos- 
terior lateral  filaments  nearly  as  long  as  anal  azaleae  Tin 


13  Risso  Essai  Hist  Nat  Oranges  69  Targione-Tossetti 
Catalogue  78  Ashmead  Canad  Ent  x  78  Maskell  Trans  N  Z 
Ins  xi  81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  89  Coquillett  West 
Am  Sci  vi  89  Maskell  Trans  New  Zealand  Inst  xxii  90 
Coquillett  West  Am  Sci  vii  90  Sharp  Zool  Rec  xxvii  91 
Maskell  Trans  New  Zealand  Inst  xxiv  92  Craw  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  93  Riley  &  Howard  Insect  Life  v  94 
Cockerell  Canad  Ent  xxvi  95  Loundsbury  Rep  Mass  Agr 
Coll  xxxii  97  Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xix  98  Cocker- 
ell  Canad  Ent  xxx  98  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxx  99  Ehrhorn 
Canad  Ent  xxxi  99  Rust  et  al  Rep  State  Bd  Hort  Calif  vi 
00  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxxii  01  Coleman  Proc  Cal  Acad 
Sci  ii  01  Kuwani  Proc  Cal  Acad  Sci  ii  02  Cockerell  Ann 
&  Mag  Nat  Hist  ix  03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc  xi  03 
Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 

*  Orthesia  edwardsii  Ash  78A203  95L125  03F323  probably 
male  of  Pseudococcus  Mealybugs=Pseudococcus 


HEMIPTERA  33 

03F98  Dactylopius  98T319  much  shorter  Body  light  yellow 
crawii  Coq  03F101  Dactylopius  89C122  greenish  brown 
quercus  Ehr  03F108  Dactylopius  OOE315 

Phenacoccus  Fourth  antennal  joint  slightly  shorter  than 
ninth  artemisiae  Ehr  OOE313  03F90  slightly  longer  stachyos 
Ehr  OOE313  03F93  much  shorter  Length  1.6  mm  kuwanae 
03C62  73  3  mm  simplex  King  02K42  03F93 

Ceroputo  Body  with  three  ridges  of  cottony  tufts  bahiae 
Ear  01C166  03F94  Phenacoccus  OOE134  not  tufted  yuccae 
Coq  01C166  03F95  ceanothi  03C163  Blastothrix  yuccae  90C44 
Pseudococcus  93R40  96T12 

COCCINAE  Body  entirely  covered  by  cottony  secretion 
Exaertopus  caricis  Ehr  02E193  03F143  with  only  a  cottony 
ovisac  behind  Pulvinaria  covered  with  horny  plates  Cero- 
plastes  with  horny  starlike  projections  Vinsonia  stellifera 
Westw  03F159  Coccus  71W3  naked  or  nearly  so  Antennae 
minute  or  wanting  Aclerda  californica  Ehr  03F210  Nidu- 
laria  99E103  Pseudolecanium  OOP135  about  as  long  as  the 
legs  Body  at  least  half  as  high  as  long  a  flat  Surface 
strongly  reticulate  Eucalynnatus  perforatus  Newst  03F166 
Lecanium  94N233  tesselatum  96W256  96T263  scarcely 
reticulate  Coccus  a  Dorsum  much  wider  than  sternum 
Physokermes  equal  Pits  in  dorsum  not  further  apart  than 
four  times  their  diameter  Saissetia  nine  or  ten  times 
Eulecanium 

Pulvinaria  Body  as  broad  as  long  ehrhorni  King  01K145 
03F132  longer  than  broad  Third  and  fourth  antennal  joints 
equal  vitis  Linn  92L203  Coccus  1758L456  third  the  longest 
Fourth  and  fifth  joints  equal  psidii  Mask  92M223  96C47 
03F137  fourth  the  longer  Sixth  and  eighth  equal  bigeloviae 


1758  Linaeus  Sys  Nat  i  71  Westwood  Proc  Ent  Soc  Lond 
89  Coquillett  West  Am  Sci  vi  90  Coquillett  West  Am  Sci 
viii  92  Lelong  ibid  92  Maskell  Trans  New  Zealand  Inst 
xxv  93  Riley  and  Howard  Insect  Life  vi  94  Newstead  Ent 
Mo  Mag  xxx  96  Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  96  Tyrrell 
Rep  Cal  Agr  Exp  Sta  96  Woodworth  ibid  98  Ehrhorn 
Ent  News  ix  98  Tinsley  Canad  Ent  xxx  99  Ehrhorn 
Canad  Ent  xxxi  00  Ehrhorn  Canad  Ent  xxxii  00  Parr 
Bull  Kans  Agr  Exp  Sta  xcviii  01  Cockerell  Proc  Biol  Soc 
Wash  xiv  01  King  Canad  Ent  xxxiii..02  King  Ent  News 
xiii  03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc  xi  03  Fernald  Bull 
Hatch  Exp  Stat  Ixxxviii 


34  INSECTS   OF   CALIFORNIA 

Coc  93C366  03F129  eighth  the  longer  First  and  sixth  with 
a  single  hair  rhois  Ehr  98E186  03F138  with  two  or  three 
innumerabilis  Rathv  87K379  90C54  92C287  03F134  Coccus 
54R256 

Ceroplastes  Wax  plates  of  adult  fusing  together  a  dis- 
tinct Length  7  mm  cistudiformis  Towns  92T256  98C119 
about  5  mm  cirripediformis  Corns  81C333  90G480  a 
Length  two  to  four  mm  b  six  to  ten  Tail  short  irregularis 
Coc  93C351  03F153  rather  long  ceriferus  Auds  96C44  Coccus 
1791A  b  Wax  dull  red  or  pinkish  throughout  rubens 
Mask  92M214  96C44  brownish  on  dorsum  dirty  white  at 
edge  floridensis  Corns  81C331  90C480  03F151 

Coccus  Antennae  with  seventh  joint  longest  hesperidum 
Linn  1758L455  03F168  Lecanium  81C335  87K359  362  365  369 
379  88C177  89R299  90C193  282  285  90M474  490  90C53  92C286 
93C103  94C96  146  369  371  377  379  383  431  96C40  96C132  147 
154  96T267  96W255  97C736  99P145  02C192  229  236  346  03C73 
third  or  fourth  longer  than  seventh  ventralis  Ehr  03F174 
Lecanium  98E245  99C230 

Physokermes  Sixth  antennal  joint  the  longest  concolor 
Col  03C73  sihorter  than  the  second  Fourth  joint  the  shortest 
taxifoliae  Col  03C73  longer  than  fifth  insignicola  Craw 
95C258  97C591  Lecanium  94C92  94C625  96T263  96W256 

Saissetia  Pits  of  do'rsum  enclosed  in  polygonal  areas 
oleae  Bern  03F205  Chermes  1782B  Lecanium  82D19  35  65 


1758  Linnaeus  Syst  Nat  i  1782  Bernard  Mem  Hist  Nat 
Acad  Mars  1791  Anderson  Mon  Cocc  54  Rathvon  Penn 
Farm  Journ  81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  82  Dwinell 
et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  87  Klee  ibid  88  Cooper  et  al 
ibid  89  Riley  Insect  Life  90  Coquillett  West  Am  Sci  viii 
90  Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  90  Comstock  ibid  90  Gray 
ibid  90  Motheral  ea  al  ibid  92  Craw  ibid  92  Maskell 
Trans  New  Zealand  Inst  xxv  92  Townsend  Zoe  iii  93 
Cockerell  Trans  Am  Ent  Soc  xx  93  Cockerell  The  Ent 
xxvi  93  Cockerell  Insect  Life  vi  94  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  94  Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xvii  95 
Cockerell  Canad  Ent  xxvii  96  Craw  Bull  U  S  Div  Ent  Tech 
iv  96  Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  96  Tyrrell  Rep  Cal 
Agr  Exp  Sta  96  Woodworth  ibid  97. Cockerell  Proc  U  S 
Nat  Mus  xix  97  Cockerell  Am  Nat  xxxi  98  Cockerell  Proc 
The  Ent  xxxi  98  Ehrhorn  Ent  News  ix  99  Cockerell  and 
Parr  The  Indust  99  Pryal  et  al  Rep  Cal  Agr  Exp  Sta  02 
Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent 
Soc  xi  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 

Soft  brown  scale=C.  hesperidum    Black  scale  =S.  oleae 


HEMIPTERA  35 

85  86  87  83C21  87C35  44  45  52  346  348  353  356  359  366  369 
88C142  183  246  267  276  90C195  197  281  282  334  385  420  425 
472  475  480  484  489  490  491  492  496  500  90L13  59  281  484 
486  90P98  90R248  379  91H578  91R182  91R163  92B39  116  200 
285  392  93C253  93R10  27  103  94C93  99  103  146  358  363  369 
371  374  426  96C40  96C57  143  146  154  157  160  96T265  96W253 
97C736  99L5  77  128  139  143  153  155  99W1  01L10  61  64  69 
226  235  241  02C91  201  229  233  238  347  364  03C74  not  hemi- 
sphaericum  Targ  03F202  Lecanium  67T26  81C334  87K379 
90C192  93C103  94M379  961154  96T266  hibernaculorum  97C744 

Eulecanium  First  antennal  joint  the  shortest  adenos- 
tomae  Kuw  03F180  Lecanium  01K402  longer  than  fifth  or 
sixth  Seventh  joint  shorter  than  first  or  second  pubescens 
Ehr  99C237  03F194  Lecanium  98E244  longer  Third  joint 
shorter  than  fourth  and  fifth  together  quercitronis  Fitch 
03F195  Lecanium  58F805  kermoides  Tyr  96T256  longer  Sec- 
ond joint  longer  than  fourth  pruinosum  Coq  03F193  Leca- 
nium 91C382  90L13  92C33  96T268  shorter  Fourth  joint 
longer  than  seventh  crawii  Ehr  98E245  99C237  shorter 
armeniacum  Craw  03F181  Lecanium  88K246  90L198  469  477 
489  494  90L13'92B39  116  197  286  94C97  375  96E158  96T268 
01C67  232  02C193  195  200  215  226  233 

DIASPINAE  Female  scale  round   or  oval  a  more  than 

1 

58  Fitch  Rep  Ins  N  Y  v  67  Targioni  Tozetti  Studii  Cocc 
81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  83  Chapin  Rep  Cal  State 
Bd  Hort  87  Cooper  et  al  ibid  87  Klee  ibid  88  Cooper  et 
al  ibid  88  Klee  ibid  90  Comstock  et  al  ibid  90  Lelong 
ibid  90  Packard  Rep  U  S  Ent  Com  v  91  Coquillett  Insect 
Life  iii  91  Howard  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xiv  91  Riley  Insect 
Life  iii  91  Riley  et  al  Insect  Life  iv  92  Block  et  al  Rep 
Cal  State  Bd  Hort  92  Coquillett  Bull  U  S  Div  Ent  xxvi 
93  Coquillett  Insect  Life  v  93  Riley  et  al  ibid  vi  94  Craw 
et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  94  Mclntyre  ibid  96  Craw 
ibid  96  Craw  Bull  U  S  Ent  Teck  iv  96  Ehrhorn  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  96  Tyrrell  Rep  Cal  Agr  Exp  Sta  96  Wood- 
worth  ibid  97  Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xix  98  Ehr- 
horn Canad  Ent  xxx  99  Cockerell  &  Parr  The  Industrialist 
99  Lelong  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  99  Woodworth  Bull 
Cal  Agr  Exp  Stat  cxxii  01  Craw  et  ai  Rep  Cal  State  Bd 
Hort  01  Kuwana  Proc  Cal  Acad  Sci  ii  01  Lelong  et  al 
Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  02  Craw  et  al  ibid  03  Coleman 
Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc  xi  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta 
Ixxxviii 

Brown  apricot  scale=E.  armeniacum 


36  INSECTS   OF   CALIFORNIA 

twice  as  long  as  broad  Spinnerets  absent  Leucaspis  in  five 
groups  Lepidosaphes  three  groups  Ischnaspis  longirostris 
Sign  filiformis  96C40  Mytilaspis  longirostris  82S35  a 
Male  scale  round  or  oval  c  elongate  Tubular  glands  absent 
Fiorina  fiorinae  Targ  G3F246  cameliae  96C40  Diaspis 
fiorinae  67T14  Spinnerets  absent  Howardia  biclavis  Corns 
03F227  Chionaspis  83C97  91C14  present  Tubular  glands  ar- 
ranged in  bands  b  irregular  Plates  branching  Parlatoria 
pergandii  Corns  81C327  96C130  149  03F319  simple  Scale 
white  Phenacaspis  not  Diaspis  b  Median  lobes  on  the 
sjdes  of  a  depression  Aulacaspis  not  Female  scale  with 
exuviae  central  or  nearly  so  Epidiaspis  piricola  Del  03F250 
Aspidiotus  94D142  Diaspis  97C4  02E233  marginal  Apices 
of  median  lobes  touching  Hemichionaspis  aspidistrae  Sign 
99C45  03F239  Chionaspis  69S443  distant  Chionaspis  c 
Dorsum  with  lattice  work  posteriorly  Pseudaonidia  not 
Lobes  wanting  Odontaspis  babusarum  Coc  03F299  Aspid- 
iotus 98C191  subobsolete  Targionia  bigeloviae  Coc  OOL226 
03F296  Aspidiotus  97C20  99N25  99C278  one  or  two  pairs 
distinct  Aspidiotus  three  pairs  distinct  Chrysomphalus 

Leucaspis  One  pair  of  lobes  cupressi  Col'03C71  75  three 
pairs  kelloggi  Col  03C68  75  four  pairs  japonicus  Coc  97C53 
98C111  03F244 

Lepidosaphes  Lobes  serrate  beckii  Newm  03F305  Coccus 
69N217  Mytilaspis  citricola  90C478  92L195  94C84  95  105  362 
440  96C41  96L60  143  149  99R127  143  153  01H225  236  240  243 
245  02B223  230  236  not  serrate  Lobes  pointed  gloverii  Pack 


67  Targioni  Tozetti  Studii  sul/Cocc  69  Newman  The  Ent 
iv  69  Signoret  Ann  Soc  Ent  Fr  81  Comstock  Rep  U  S 
Dept  Agr  82  Signoret  Ann  Soc  Ent  Fr  83  Comstock  Rep 
Cornell  Dept  Ent  ii  90  Gray  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  91 
Craw  ibid  92  Lelong  ibid  94  Craw  et  al  ibid  94  Del 
Guer  II  Nat  Sicil  96  Craw  Bull  U  S  Ent  Tech  iv  96  Craw 
Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  96  Lelong  ibid  97  Cockerell  Bull 
U  S  Ent  Tech  vi  98  Cockerell  Psyche  viii  99  Cooley  Spec 
Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  99  Cockerell  &  Parr  The  Indust  99 
Newell  Cont  Iowa  Ag  Coll  iii  99  Rust  et  al  Rep  Cal  State 
Bd  Hort  00  Leonardi  Gen  et  sp  Dias  01  Hamilton  et  al 
Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  02  Bishop  et  al  ibid  02  Ehrhorn 
ibid  03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc  xi  03  Fernald  Bull 
Hatch  Exp  Sta  ixxxviii 

Purple  scale=L.  beckii 


HEMIPTERA  37 

03F309  Coccus  69P527  Mytilaspis  90C479  91R487  92L196 
94C95  96C41  96M149  rounded  Anterior  spinnerets  three 
newsteadi  Sulc  95S8  G3C74  eleven  to  seventeen  ulmi  Linn 
03F314  Coccus  1758L455  Mytilaspis  pomorum  90C184  477 
91R487  92L195  94B360  363  365  961154  01S217  02J219  Aspid- 
iotus  conchiformis  82C56  66  72  84  83C22  84C32  87K345  558 

Chionaspis  With  a  single  median  lobe  quercus  Corns 
81C319  83C105  90P103  03F223  with  two  median  lobes  Spin- 
nerets wanting  citri  Corns  83C101  96C38  about  six  lateral 
assimilis  Mask  88M102  96C35  03F214  about  ten  euonymi 
Corns  81C313  91R487  96C38  over  twenty  Second  and  third 
lobes  notched  dificilis  Coc  96C21  96C41  96C38  divided  into 
lobules  Inner  lobule  of  second  lobes  at  least  half  as  wide 
as  median  lobes  a  about  a  third  as  wide  Lateral  spinnerets 
more  than  fifty-five  wistariae  Cool  97C280  99C39  03F226  less 
spartinae  Corns  83C106  03F226  Outer  lobule  of  second 
lobes  nearly  as  long  as  inner  pinifoliae  Fitch  99C30  03F221 
03C74  Aspidiotus  55F488  about  half  as  long  Two  spines  at 
base  of  median  lobes  ortholobis  Corns  81C317  99C17  03F221 
one  Inner  lobule  of  second  lobe  narrowed  outwardly  fur- 
fura  Fitch  99C88  Aspidiotus  56F352  not  salacisnigrae  Walsh 
99C19  Aspidiotus  68W40 

Aulacaspis  Lateral  spinnerets  about  continuous  rosae 
Douche  03F236  Aspidiotus  34B14  Diaspis  96C40  not  contin- 
uous Median  spinnerets  not  over  thirteen  pentagona  Targ 


1758  Linnaeus  Syst  Nat  i  34  Bouche  Naturg  Ins  55 
Fitch  Rep  Ins  N  Y  ii  56  Fitch  Rep  Ins  N  Y  iii  68  Walsh 
Rep  Ins  111  i  69  Packard  Guide  Study  Ins  81  Comstock 
Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  82  Chapin  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  83 
Chapin  ibid  83  Comstock  Rep  Cornell  Dept  Ent  ii  84 
Chapin  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  85  Targioni  Tozetti  Rev 
Bacc  87  Klee  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  88  Maskell  Trans 
Roy  Soc  S  Aust  90  Comstock  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort 
90  Packard  Rep  U  S  Ent  Comm  v  91  Riley  &  Howard  In- 
sect Life  iii  92  Lelong  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  94  Barber 
et  al  ibid  94  Craw  et  al  ibid  96  Craw  ibid  96  Craw  Bull 
U  S  Div  Ent  Tech  iv  96  Melville  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort 

97  Cockerell  Cal  Fruit  Grower     97  Cooley  Canad  Ent  xxix 

98  Cockerell  Psyche  viii     99  Cooley  Spec  Bull  Hatch  Exp 
Sta    01   Stewart  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort     02  Janssen  ibid 
02  Cockerell  The  Ent  xxxv     03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent 
Soc  xi     03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 

Oyster  shell  scale=L.  ulmi 


38  INSECTS    OF   CALIFORNIA 

03F234  Diaspis  85T11  not  under  twenty -four  crawii  Ccc 
02C59  03F233  Diaspis  98C190 

Phenacaspis  Lateral  lobes  divided  into  three  lobules 
latissima  Coc  03F238  Chionaspis  97C45  97C282  into  two 
Median  lobes  separate  at  base  chinensis  Coc  03C48  03F237 
Chionaspis  96C37  united  About  ten  plates  beyond  lateral 
lobes  aucubae  Cool  03F237  Chionaspis  97C279  about  five 
plates  cockerelli  Cool  03F237  Chionaspis  97C279 

Diaspis  Exuviae  marginal  cattleyae  Coc  02C59  03F229 
Aulacaspis  99C30  back  from  the  margin  Lobes  on  sides  of 
a  depression  boisduvalii  Sign  69S432  not  carulei  Targ  69T43 
03C74 

Pseudaonidia  With  two  groups  of  spinnerets  paeoniae 
Coc  03F283  Aspidiotus  duplex  99C105  five  groups  duplex 
Coc  03F283  Aspidiotus  96C20  96C33 

Aspidiotus  With  four  pairs  of  lobes  californicus  Col 
03C64  74  two  or  three  a  one  One  pair  of  incisions  aesculi 
Johns  96J386  96J152  97C20  97C735  99N13  two  Incisions 
'minute  ehrhorni  Col  03S68  74  conspicuous  Plates  much 
shorter  than  lobes  coniferarum  Coc  98C201  shastae 
03C74  equal  or  longer  rapax  Corns  81C307  82C65  83C22  84C34 
87K347  349  359  375  558  90L173  489  91R487  93C27  93R214 
94B363  379  01B236  convexus  90L22  174  camilliae  96M148 

69  Signoret  Ann  Soc  Ent  Fr  ix  69  Targioni  Tozetti  Cat 
81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept  Agr  82  Chapin  Rep  Cal  State 
Bd  Hort  83  Chapin  ibid  84  Chapin  ibid  85  Targioui 
Tozetti  Rev  Bacc  87  Boggs  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  87 
Klee  ibid  90  Lelong  et  al  ibid  90  Riley  Insect  Life  ii 
91  Riley  &  Howard  Insect  Life  iii  92  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  92  Riley  &  Howard  Insect  Life  v  93 
Coquillet  Insect  Life  vi  93  Riley  Insect  Life  v  94  Babcock 
et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  95  Howard  Insect  Life  vii 
96  Cockerell  Psyche  vii  suppl  i  96  Cockerell  Bull  U  S  Ent 
Tech  iv  96  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  96  Johnson 
Bull  111  State  Lab  N  H  iv  96  Johnson  Ent  News  vii  96 
Melville  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  97  Cockerell  Cal  Fruit 
Grower  97  Cooley  Canad  Ent  xxix  97  Cockerell  Bull  U  S 
Ent  Tech  vi  97  Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xix  98 
Cockerell  Psyche  viii  99  Cockerell  Biol  Cent  Am  ii  99 
Cockerell  Canad  Ent  xxxi  99  Newell  Contr  Iowa  Agr  Coll 
iii  99  Pease  et  al  Bull  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  01  Bosworth  ot 
al  ibid  02  Craw  et  al  ibid  03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc 
xi  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 

Greedy  scale=A.  rapax 


HEM1PTERA  3» 

99P  145  a  Spinnerets  wanting  perniciosus  Corns  81C304 
82C65  68  86  83C22  23  91  84C22  34  42  53  87B12  15  40  45  53 
220  344  351  359  362  366  370  379  389  404  477  558  565  88D91 
191  245  261  263  265  27G  278  281  89R298  90R312  90R69  169 
90L22  120  283  333  390  468  473  480  483  486  489  90L12  39  65 
452  483  486  489  91R487  92C18  25  39  116  196  198  285  392  394 
92R53  93C251  93C27  G3R280  294  94C97  100  102  146  358  365 
369  372  375  379  94R360  95H283  95R360  96C56  132  139  141  148 
160  99L56  76  102  153  155  157  01S217  242  02C193  220  226  229 
235  238  346  349  present  Plates  simple  juglansregiae  Corns 
81C300  93C61  90P335  96L108  148  01H226  03F265  toothed 
Two  groups  of  spinnerets  abietus  Schr  03C74  Coccus 
1776S48  five  groups  oestraeaeformis  Curt  43C805  96C19 
four  groups  Large  branching  plates  beyond  third  lobes 
hederae  Vail  03F260  nerii  81C301  83C61  83C22  84C34  88K263 
94C102  365  96C40  96M148  96T11  99P143  145  Chermes 
hedreae  29V30  none  florencii  Col  03C66  74 

Chryscmphalus  Four  groups  of  spinnerets  aonidum  Linn 
03F286  Coccus  1758L455  Aspidiotus  ficus  90C481  92L197 
96M148  none  Plates  scarcely  branched  tenebricosus  Corns 
03F294  Aspidiotus  81C308  strongly  aurantii  Mask  OOM268 
03F287  Aspidiotus  78M199  81C293  83C21  84C34  87R49  52 


1758  Linnaeus  Syst  Nat  i  1776  Schrank  Beitr  Z  Natur  29 
Vallot  Mem  Acad  Dijon  43  Curtis  Gard  Chron  iii  78  Mas- 
kell  Trans  New  Zealand  Inst  xi  81  Comstock  Rep  U  S  Dept 
Agr  82  Chapin  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  83  Chapin  ibid  83 
Comstock  Rep  Cornell  Dept  Ent  ii  84  Chapin  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  87  Boggs  et  al  ibid  87  Rose  et  al  ibid  88 
Dwinell  et  al  ibid  88  Klee  ibid  89  Riley  &  Howard  Insect 
Life  i  90  Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  90  Lelong  et  al 
ibid  90  Packard  Rep  U  S  Ent  Comm  v  90  Riley  Insect 
Life  ii  90  Riley  &  Howard  ibid  iii  91  Riley  &  Howard 
ibid  iii  92Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  92  Lelong  ibid 
93  Coquillett  Insect  Life  v  93  Coquillett  ibid  vi  93  Riley 
ibid  v  94  Craw  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  94  Riley  &  Howard 
Insect  Life  vi  95  Howard  ibid  vii  95  Riley  &  Howard  ibid 
vii  96  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  96  Cockerell  Bull 
U  S  Div  Ent  Tech  vi  96  Lelong  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd 
Hort  96  Melville  ibid  96  Townsend  Bull  U  S  Div  Ent 
Tech  iv  99  Pease  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  00  Mar- 
latt  Year  Book  U  S  Dept  Agr  01  Hamilton  et  al  Rep  Cal 
State  Bd  Hort  01  Stewart  et  al  ibid  02  Craw  et  al  ibid 
03  Coleman  Journ  N  Y  Ent  Soc  xi  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch 
Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 

Red  scale=A.  aurantii 


40  INSECTS   OF   CALIFORNIA 

104  351  359  362  370  376  389  453  470  88C177  183  226  244  260 
277  89R299  90L22  163  284  333  337  420  469  472  480  485  489 
496   500   90L13   39   58   349   351   477   484   90R312   330   176  182 
91R427  92C25  211  284  289  95C25   101  93R281  94C82  85   101 

105  146  362   368   374   381   428   437  441   94H227  96C40  96C60 
132  143  147  158  97C732  99R128  136  139  143  153  155  01H225 
232   239    02C203    222    citri    81C8    citricola   90W480    citrinus 
90C347  484  91R427  92C19  196  93C252  93R281  94C97  102  362 
96C  57  148  96C40  99P143  01B235  02C192  346  Aonidia  aurantii 
90R1   91R417  92L197  ~ 


INDEX    OF   NAMES 

abietus  39  Aclerda  33  adenostomae  32  35  aesculi  38  ander- 
soni  32  Aonidia  40  aonidum  39  armeniacum  35-  artemisiae  31 
33  Aspidiotus  363  37rj383  403  aspidistrae  36  assimilis  37 
aucubae  38  Aulacaspis  36  37  38  aurantii  402  auricariae  32 
aurilanatus  32  austini  31  azaliae  32 

bahiae  33  bambusarum  36  beckii  362  biclavis  36  bigloviae 
33  36  Blastothrix  33  boisduvalii  38 

californicus — a  33  38  camelliae  36  38  caracis  33  carulei  38 
cattleyae  38  ceanothi  33  ceriferus  34  Cerococcus  311  Cero- 
plastes  33  34  Ceroputo  31  33  Chermes  39  Chionaspis  363  37 
384  chinensis  38  Chrysomphalus  36  39  cirripediformis  34 
cistudiformis  34  citri  32  37  40  citricola  36  40  citrinus  40 
Coccidae  30  Coccinae  30  33  coccus  31  Coccus  31  33'  343 
36  372  39  40  cockerelli  31  38  conchiformis  37  concolor  34 
coniferarum  38  convexus  38  crawii  33  38  cupressi  36 

Dactylopinae  30  31  Dactylopius  31  3210  333  destructor  32 
Diaspinae  30  35  Diaspis  363  37  382  diflcilis  37  disticlium  31 
Dorthesia  32  dudlei  32  duplex  382 

edwardsii  32  ehrhorni  31  33  38  ephedrae  32  Epidiaspis  36 


81  Comstock  Canad  Ent  xiii  88  Cockerell  Rep  Cal  State 
Bd  Hort  89  Riley  &  Howard  Insect  Life  i  90  Gray  Rep 
Cal  State  Bd  Hort  90  Lelong  ibid  90  Riley  Insect  Life  ii 
90  Riley  ibid  iii  90  Willis  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  91  Riley 
&  Howard  Insect  Life  iii  92  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd 
Hort  93  Coquillett  Insect  Life  vi  93  Riley  &  Howard 
ibid  v  94  Craw  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  94  Howard 
Insect  Life  vi  96  Craw  Bull  U  S  Ent  Tech  iv  96  Craw 
Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  97  Cockerell  Proc  U  S  Nat  Mus  xix 
99  Rust  et  al  Rep  Cal  State  Bd  Hort  99  Pease  et  al  ibid 
01  Bosworth  et  al  ibid  01  Hamilton  et  al  ibid  02  Craw  et 
al  ibid  03  Fernald  Bull  Hatch  Exp  Sta  Ixxxviii 


Eriococcus  312  erigoni  31  Erium  31  Eucalymnatus  33  Eule- 
canium  33  35  euomymi  37  Exaeretopus  33 

Festucae  32  ficus  40  filiformis  36  Fiorina  36fiorinae  36- 
floreccii  39  floridensis  34  furfura  37 

galliformis  31  gloverii  36  Gossyparia  31 

hedreae  392  Hemichionaspis  36  hemisphaericum  35  hes- 
peridum  34*  hibernaculorum  35  Howardia  36 

Icerya  302  iceryoides  32  innumerabilis  34  insignicola  34 
irregularis  34  Ischnaspis  36 

japponicus  36  juglansregiae  39 

kelloggii  31  36  Kermes  312  kermoides  35  kuwanae  33 

latissima  38  Lecaniodiaspis  31  Lecanium  33  344  355  Lepid- 
osaphes  362  Leucaspis  362  longifilis  32  longirostris  363  longi- 
spinis  32 

Margarodinae  302  maritimus  32  Monophlebinae  SO2  Mytil- 
aspis  363  372 

nerii  39  newsteadi  37  Nidularia  33  nigropunctatus  31 

Odontaspis  36  oestraeformis  39  oleae  342  Orthesia  32  or- 
tholobis  37 

palmeri  31  Parlatoria  36  pentagona  37  peonae  38  perfor- 
atus  33  pergandii  36  perniciosus  392  Phenacaspis  36  38 
Phenacoccus  31  332  Physokermes  33  34  pinifoliae  37  piricola 
36  pollini  31  Pollini  31  pomorum  37  Prosopophora  31  pru- 
inosum  35  Pseudaonidia  36  38  Pseudococcus  31  323  33  Pseu- 
dolecanium  33  psidii  33  pubescens  35  Pulvinaria  332  pur- 
chasi  302 

quercitronis  35  quercus  30  31  33  37 

rapax  38  Rhizococcus  32  rhois  34  Ripsaria  31  32  Ripsari- 
ella  31  rosae  37  rubescens  31  34  rubens  34  ryani  32 

Saissetia  33  34  salacis  nigrae  37  salinus  32  sequoiae  32 
shastae  38  simplex  33  spartinae  37  Sphaerococcus  31  spuria 
31  stachyos  33  stellifera  33 

Targionia  36  taxifoliae  34  tenebricosus  40  tessellatum  33 

ulmi  37 

ventralis  34  villosa  32  Vinsonia  33  vitis  33 

wistariae  37 

Xylococcus  30 

yuccae  332 


Library  use  only 


NOTICE 


This  is  one  of  a  series  of  keys  to  the  Californian  repre- 
sentatives of  the  various  groups  of  insects. 

The  price  of  this  number  is  ten  cents. 

A  key  to  the  Orthoptera  of  California  has  already  ap- 
peared. It  contains  besides  the  synopses,  quite  full  direc- 
tions for  the  collection  and  preservation  of  these  insects, 
a  full  explanation  of  the  names  of  the  structures  used  in 
classification,  and  suggestions  for  using  the  synopses.  It 
is  intended  for  the  use  of  the  beginner  in  Entomology.  The 
price  is  twenty-five  cents. 

A  key  to  the  Hemiptera  will  appear  early  next  year. 

The  synopses  in  these  keys  are  extracted  from  the 
author's  "Insects  of  California,"  which  will  contain,  when 
completed,  the  synonymy  and  bibliography  of  all  the  insects 
credited  to  this  region.  'Subscription  price  $3.00,  payable 
on  delivery,  at  the  rate  of  15c  for  each  part  of  16  pages. 

Address  C.  W.  WOODWORTH,  Berkeley,  California. 


